The Umayyads Dynasty in Spain (675-1031) reached the peak of its power at the time of the caliph Abd al-Rahman 111 (929-961). The caliph Abd al-Rahman 111 initiated the construction of the city in 936 and after his death in 961, his son, Al-Hakam 11 continued the work in the city. In 1010, Medinat Al-Zahra, which was once the symbol of the caliph’s power, and flourished for approximately 80 years was destroyed by rebellious Berber clans from North Africa. The city was buried for almost 900 year...

Between 675 and 1031, Córdoba was the capital of the Umayyad dynasty in Spain, and one of the outstanding buildings of the city is the Great Mosque of Cordoba (known as the Mesquita in Spanish). The Mosque is considered an outstanding example of the architecture of both Muslims and Christians and its masses represented an unprecedented architectural composition.

The Umayyad descendants of Abd al-Rahman I ruled Spain for more than 270 years. The most influential member of the Umayyad dynasty in Spain was Abd al-Rahman III who reigned between 912 and 961 and his son al-Hakam II (r. 961–76). During their reign, Cordoba enjoyed unprecedented prosperous period of art and architecture and became one of the most important cultural centers in the Islamic world as well as the greatest intellec tual center in Europe

Every country is concerned about creating a specific system that should be followed and strictly applied in order to create an architect. But do school of architecture create architects or do they merely prepare them to be architects. In fact, what we are doing in the various styles of education in the architecture schools is only preparing prospective young students to face the real life of building industry and that they are responsible about gaining experience and follow the rapid growing tec...

Umayyad is the first great Islamic dynasty, whose history can be divided into two periods; the Umayyad dynasty in Syria (661-750), and the Umayyad dynasty in Spain (756 - 1031). This article will shed light on the architectural production of the Umayyad dynasty in Syria, which was established in 661 by Mu'awiya, a companion of the Prophet Mohammed (pbuh).

In many parts of the world, such as Spain, Greece, Sicily, Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco, there are rustic villages, which are traditionally painted with the white color and shine under the sun. The villages’ charming white houses and beautiful plazas are spectacular places, which express the traditional life style and provide a sense of relaxation and enjoyment.

This investigation is an attempt to examine the concept of the architectural system in the work of two prominent modernist architects, Frank Lloyd and Le Corbusier, and the renowned traditionalist architect, Hassan Fathy. Although the three architects worked in different places, America, France, and Egypt and their architectural approaches ranged from modern to traditional, their ideals were similar to some extent.

Nader Khalili (1936-2008) is a prominent Iranian architect who immigrated and lived in America to the rest of his life. He is also architectural author, humanitarian, and philosopher, who received architectural education and developed his concepts in Iran, Turkey, and the United States. Khalili’s main interest was to produce affordable houses that can be built by the available building materials and local resources.

The Citadel of Aleppo is one of the most outstanding historical sites in Aleppo, Syria. In fact, the citadel can be compared to the citadel of Cairo in Egypt in scale, importance, and visual dominance. In 2000 the Aga Khan Historic Cities Program initiated a major restoration project for the Citadel of Aleppo, as well as an excavation project, which found some remnants from the Ottoman period.

The concept of time” is an important and vital issue in architecture and urban planning. Time means simply the perception of change in one place. However, to talk about the future means to understand time and it is important to understand that time is not such a simple or obvious phenomenon, but that one has to exercise considerable ingenuity to fit it into a coherent picture of the universe.